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Ilyushin Il-76 'Candid' Il-78 'Midas' Heavy Transport Refueling Tanker |
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DESCRIPTION:
The Il-76 was conceived as a long-range heavy transport to complement the older An-12. Because of the vast size of the Soviet Union, the type had to operate in conditions varying from the harsh cold of Siberia to the hot deserts of the Middle East. The final design, built for both military and civil cargo transport, is of traditional layout with a high-mounted wing, T-tail, and rear-cargo doors. In addition, the Il-76 features rugged landing gear allowing the aircraft to operate from rough unprepared landing strips. The initial production model, the Il-76T, was built primarily for civil customers. About 50 models were built for Aeroflot and another 100 for export operators. The definitive military models, the Il-76M and Il-76MD, have also been built in large numbers for the Soviet/Russian military as well as export customers throughout Europe and Asia. More recent variants include the Il-78 in-flight refueling tanker and the A-50 airborne early warning platform. Other unique applications of the Il-76 family include a dedicated model to support Antarctic research stations and another simulating weightlessness for cosmonaut training. The Il-76 series has proven quite popular, and some 960 total aircraft had been built by 2008 with production still underway.
Data below for Il-76T 'Candid-A' |
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| HISTORY: | |
| First Flight | 25 March 1971 |
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Service Entry
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1978
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| CREW: |
seven: pilot, co-pilot, five crew
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| PASSENGERS: |
140 troops or 125 paratroops
|
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ESTIMATED COST:
|
unknown
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| AIRFOIL SECTIONS: | |
| Wing Root | TsAGI P-151 (13%) |
|
Wing Tip
|
TsAGI P-151 (10%)
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| DIMENSIONS: | |
| Length | 152.85 ft (46.59 m) |
| Wingspan | 165.68 ft (50.50 m) |
| Height | 48.43 ft (14.76 m) |
| Wing Area | 3,229.28 ft² (300.00 m²) |
|
Canard Area
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not applicable
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| WEIGHTS: | |
| Empty | 165,350 lb (75,000 kg) |
| Normal Takeoff | unknown |
| Max Takeoff | 374,785 lb (170,000 kg) |
| Fuel Capacity | (Il-78) 198,410 lb (90,000 kg) |
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Max Payload
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114,640 lb (52,000 kg)
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| PROPULSION: | |
| Powerplant | four Soloview D-30KP turbofans |
| Thrust |
105,820 lb (470.4 kN)
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| PERFORMANCE: | |
| Max Level Speed |
at altitude: 530 mph (850 km/h) at 36,090 ft (11,000 m) at sea level: unknown cruise speed: 495 mph (800 km/h) at 39,370 ft (12,000 m) |
| Initial Climb Rate | unknown |
| Service Ceiling | 50,850 ft (15,500 m) |
| Range | 2,700 nm (5,000 km) |
| g-Limits |
unknown
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| ARMAMENT: | |
| Gun | provision for two 23-mm cannons in a tail turret |
| Stations | none |
| Air-to-Air Missile | none |
| Air-to-Surface Missile | none |
| Bomb | none |
| Other |
none
|
| KNOWN VARIANTS: | |
| Il-76 'Candid-A' | Prototype and pre-production cargo transport model |
| Il-76T 'Candid-A' | First production model with increased fuel capacity, built primarily for domestic and foreign civil operators |
| Il-76TD 'Candid-A' | Similar to the Il-76T but equipped with uprated engines for improved takeoff performance at higher altitude and temperature locations |
| Il-76TD-90 | Proposal to upgrade Il-76TD models with PS-90A12 turbofan engines |
| Il-76M 'Candid-B' | Military transport model able to carry tracked and wheeled vehicles, freight containers, or armed troops |
| Il-76MD 'Candid-B' | Improved military transport with uprated engines for improved takeoff performance at higher altitude and temperature locations |
| Il-76MF | Improved military transport with a lengthened fuselage for increased cargo capacity and more efficient engines to improve range by 25% |
| Il-76CFM | Proposal to re-engine older models with CFM56-5C2 turbofan engines to increase range |
| Il-76MF-100 | Variant of the Il-76MF equipped with CFM56-5C2 turbofan engines |
| Galaraj | Indian designation for the Il-76MD |
| Il-76DMP, Il-76P or Il-76TP | Firefighting model able to carry over 40 tons of water or fire retardant |
| Il-76K/MDK/MDK-2 | Il-76M airframes modified for zero-gravity cosmonaut training |
| Il-76LL | Test aircraft used for evaluating new engines; 6 converted |
| Il-76MA | Il-76M models rebuilt for various test purposes |
| Il-76PP | Electronic warfare model fitted with ECM and jamming equipment to serve as an escort for the A-50 |
| Il-76PS or Il-84 | Search and rescue model; 1 built but cancelled in 1989 |
| Il-76PSD | Proposal for an improved search and rescue model |
| Il-76 Scalpel-MT | Medical version equipped with three modules holding a surgical room and recovery room for a crew of 12 medical personnel, used as an emergency airborne hospital to evacuate injured troops from Afghanistan; 2 built |
| Il-76TD-S | Civilian version of the Il-76 Scalpel-MT |
| Il-76SK | Command post used for airborne tracking during flight testing |
| Il-76VPK or Il-82 | Former Aeroflot planes modified as airborne command posts with satellite communications gear as well as various fairings, strakes, and antennae; 2 converted |
| Il-78 'Midas' | In-flight refueling tanker based on the Il-76M and fitted with a refueling drogue on the left side of the rear fuselage |
| Il-78M | Improved version of the Il-78 with two additional refueling drogues located one under each wing |
| Il-78MK | Export version of the Il-78M |
| Il-78V | Il-78 model with modified refueling pods |
| Il-476 | New production model under development with a full digital flight control system, improved engines, and glass cockpit displays |
| A-50 'Mainstay' |
Airborne early warning model based on the Il-76 and equipped with a rotating radome mounted atop the aft
fuselage and a lengthened nose, built by Ilyushin and Beriev
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KNOWN COMBAT RECORD:
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Afghanistan War (Soviet Union, 1979-1989)
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| KNOWN OPERATORS: | |
| Civil |
Ababiel Abakan Avia Aerocom Aeroflot Air Almaty Air Congo Air Kazakhstan Air Koryo Aerolift Sierra Leone Airline Transport Airlines 400 Air Service Ukraine Air STAN Airstars Airways Air Support Systems Air Tomisko Air Ukraine Air Ukraine Cargo Air West ALAK Alrosa-Avia Aram Air ATI Aircompany Atlant Hungary Atlant-Soyuz Airlines Atlas Air ATRAN Cargo Airlines Atruvera Aviation Aviacon Zitotrans Aviaenergo Avient Aviation Avialeasing Aviast Azal Avia Cargo Azerbaijan Airlines Azov Avia Airlines Azza Transport Badr Airlines Belair Botir Avia Buraq Air Busol Airlines BSL Airline CAAK Centrafrican Airlines Chabahar Air China United Airlines Continental Airways Cubana Dacono Air Dobrolet Airlines Domededovo Airlines Dvin Airlines East Line East West Cargo Ecuatorial Cargo Express International Cargo Faso Airways Galaxy Air Gira Globo Gomelavia GST Aero Gulf Aviation Technology and Services Hungarian Ukrainian Air Cargo Ilavia Airline Imtrec Aviation Inversija Iraqi Airways Jamahiria Air Transport Jet Air Cargo Jet Line International Juba Cargo Kazakhstan Airlines Khors Aircompany Kosmas Air Kras Air Krylo Airlines Kyrgyzstan Airlines Libyan Air Cargo Libyan Arab Airlines Lviv Airlines Magadan Avia Leasing Mahan Air Moscow Airways Novosibirsk Air Enterprise Payam Air Phoenix Aviation Pulkovo Aviation Enterprise Qeshm Air Reem Air Safiran Airlines Samara Airlines Sayakhat Airlines Silk Way Airlines SkyLink Aviation Syrian Arab Airlines (Syrianair) Tesis Aviation Enterprise Tiramavia Tobruk Air Transafrica Airlines Trans Attico Transaviaexport Airlines Turkmenistan Airlines Tyumen Airlines Ukraine Air Alliance Ukrainian Cargo Airways Uralinteravia Uzbekistan Airways Veteran Airlines Volare Airlines Volga-Dnepr Yemenia Yerevan-Avia Yuzhmashavia |
| Government/Military |
Algeria, Al Quwwat al Jawwawiya al Jaza'eriya (Algerian Air Force) Armenia (Armenian Air Force) Azerbaijan (Azerbaijan Air Force) Belarus, Voyenno Vozdushnyye Sily (Belarus Air Force) China, Zhongkuo Shenmin Taifang Tsunputai (People's Liberation Army Air Force) Congo, Force Aérienne du Congo (Congolese Air Force) Cuba, Defensa Antiaerea y Fuerza Aérea Revolucionaria (Anti-Aircraft Defense and Revolutionary Air Force) India, Bharatiya Vayu Sena (Indian Air Force) Iran (Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force) Iran (Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps Air Force) Iraq, Al Quwwat Al Jawwiya al Iraqiya (Iraqi Air Force) Jordan, Al Quwwat al-Jawwiya al-Malakiya al-Urduniya (Royal Jordanian Air Force) Kazakhstan (Kazakhstan Air Force) Libya, Al Quwwat al Jawwiya al Jamahiriya al Arabia al Libyya (Libyan Air Force) North Korea (Korean People's Army Air Force) Russia, Voyenno Vozdushniye Sili (Russian Air Force) Syria, Al Quwwat al-Jawwiya al Arabiya as-Souriya (Syrian Air Force) Ukraine, Voyenno Vozdushnyye Sily (Ukraine Military Air Forces) United Nations, UN Humanitarian Air Service Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, Voyenno Vozdushniye Sili (Soviet Air Force) Yemen (Unified Yemen Air Force) |
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